Inqaba
Inqaba yaseLa Roche Goyon ikwabizwa ngokuba yi IFort Latte yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye- 14 .
Ngoba ?
Umongo uphazamisekile, iMfazwe ye-Succession of Brittany iqhubekile ( 1341-1364 ). Ngelo xesha, iinqaba ezinqatyisiweyo zahlaziywa okanye zakhiwe (iTonquédec, iLa Roche Goyon, njl.).
Étienne Goyon , Nkosi kaMatignon , umakhi wenqaba, wafumana kwi-suzerain yakhe (okokuqala uCharles de Blois , emva koko uDuke uJean de Montfort, uJean IV ) isigunyaziso sokuqinisa kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa le nqaba.
Inqaba enqatyisiweyo ilayishwe ngeempawu, inemisebenzi emininzi:
umsebenzi womkhosi : ubani usabela khona, omnye uyawungqinga.
umsebenzi wokuhlala : inkosi ihlala apho kunye nentsapho yayo, ukwakhiwa kungqina amandla e-seigniorial.
umsebenzi wezopolitiko : inqaba isihlalo samandla (inkosi, i-ducal, seigniorial).
umsebenzi wezoqoqosho : liziko lemisebenzi.
izihombiso
Inqaba enqatyisiweyo iye yahlaziywa kwiinkulungwane kodwa izinto zokwakha zekhulu le- 14 , nokuba zibonakalisa inkxalabo yokuhlobisa okanye inkxalabo yokukhusela , isekho.
Inqaba kufuneka ithobe incasa yomakhi .I-arch eyaphukileyo yathi kwindawo yesithathu yeengcango (i-1st drawbridge, i-2nd drawbridge, isango lokungena emhadini).
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ubonisa: Umhombiso onelobe ezintathu okanye owenziwe isitayile wetrefoil kumphezulu wendlela yogcino kunye neecorbels ezineprojection ezintathu ezixhasa ungqameko lwale ndlela yokuhamba inye.
Iimpawu zeVangeli ezikrolwe kwisakhiwo sentolongo zibonisa amanqaku akhadinali , nazo ziyimpawu zobuKristu . Ingelosi kaMateyu oNgcwele ukuya eNtshona, iNgonyama yeNgcwele uMarko ukuya eMazantsi, uKhozi lukaYohane oNgcwele ukuya eMpuma, Inkomo yeNgcwele uLuka ukuya emantla.
Ingelosi nenkomo zigcinwe ngendlela ephawulekayo.
Isaphetha esineTiered
(indawo yokuqala ebiyelweyo kwicala lentendelezo, ngenkulungwane ye-14)
Ihlungulu
(Igumbi eliphantsi - indawo yangasese)
Machicolation
(Umhadi)
Ingelosi kaMateyu eNgcwele
ekhomba ngasentshona
Indawo yokuhlala
Igumbi elikhulu lomgangatho wokuqala lisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yenkosi nezalamane zayo. Yena ixhotyiselwe ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nentuthuzelo (ngelo xesha) yabemi bayo:
Izindlu zangasese (iindawo zokukhululeka) kubunzima bodonga lweli gumbi le-seignorial.
Ukuthuthuzela , ifestile enkulu ihlatywe emazantsi kweli gumbi elinemiqamelo kwicala ngalinye lomnyango.
I-Coussièges ziibhentshi zamatye ezibekwe kwiifestile zamaXesha Aphakathi nangexesha leRenaissance.
Ukufudumala, indawo enkulu yomlilo enemifanekiso eqingqiweyo (isiseko se-polygonal kunye neentsika ezincinci) ezihlobisa kwicala ngalinye ziyimpawu zekhulu le- 14 .
Icawa , enikezelwe kuSaint Michael (ingcwele yamadoda-ezandleni), yasekwa ngo- 1420 kwaye ikhonzwa ngumfundisi ovela kwiAbbey yaseSaint Aubin des Bois. Le abbey yaseCistercian yayikwihlathi laseHunaudaye, ePlédéliac. IiGoyon yayingabaxhasi ababalulekileyo . Indawo yale nkonzo yokuqala ayaziwa. Ukungqingwa kwe-1597 ngexesha leeMfazwe zoMbutho kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwinqaba enqatyisiweyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo kwinqaba yokukhusela elunxwemeni phakathi kwe- 1690 kunye ne -1715 ibe negalelo kwinkangeleko esiyaziyo ngayo namhlanje.
Icawa yangoku yenkulungwane ye- 18 yangcoliswa ngexesha lemfazwe yokugqibela kwaye ifanitshala yayo yatshiswa . I -altarethi yangoku yintlanganisela yezinto ezivela kwinkulungwane ye- 18 (iikholamu ezijijekileyo) kunye nokuqala kwenkulungwane ye- 19 (iinxalenye ezixhasa iintsika).
Isibingelelo sivela kwinkulungwane ye- 19 . Yabuyiselwa kunqulo ngowe- 1959 .
Igumbi ngobukhazikhazi
(umhadi)
Itshimini
(Umgangatho wokuqala wentolongo)
Igumbi ngobukhazikhazi
(I-Coussiège yendawo yokuhlala ye-seigneurial - indawo yangasese)
Ifenitshala
Igumbi le-Seigniorial - umhadi
Ngaphakathi kwi-chapel yangoku
Isibingelelo
Iglasi enechaphaza
Icala elingaphakathi le-chapel
Itshimini
(Umgangatho wokuqala wentolongo)
Indlu yangasese ene lantern
(Umgangatho wokuqala wentolongo)
Ifenitshala
Igumbi le-Seigniorial - umhadi
Ivault yangaphakathi
Ngaphakathi ogive vault emhadini
INGCWELE
UMargaret oNgcwele
Ukhuselo
Abahlaseli basoloko bebaninzi kunabo barhangqwe , inqaba enqatyisiweyo kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nongqingo kunye nohlaselo . Ukhuselo lwendalo lufunwa kakhulu (iiford, iibhulorho, iipromonto) ILa Roche Goyon inazo zonke izinto ezikhuselayo:
ilandela imilo ye- peninsula apho yakhiwe khona;
intendelezo yokuqala ( barbican *) ngaphambi kokufikelela kwindawo ephambili yenqaba,
amasango akhuselwe ngokukodwa yi- drawbridge , i- portcullis kwaye emva kwale nto imangalisayo *. I- drawbridge * inobunzima obuchaseneyo ivumela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza,
emva kwebhulorho, i-portcullis imivalo yokudlula,
utolo lwentolo (okanye imingxuma ), yenzelwe ukutolwa okanye ukudubula komnqamlezo ,
iindawo eziphakamileyo ( iindlela zokuhamba okanye umphezulu weenqaba ) apho abakhuseli banokudubula abo bebeza kuwela imiqobo yangaphambili,
ngobuchule bezandla * bokugcina kunye neenqaba, kugityiselwa amatye kuzo okanye kugityiselwe izaphetha nezaphetha .
Umgubo omnyama wokusila ivili
Umgangatho ophantsi wogcino.
Iharrow
Kwi-drawbridge yesibini.
I-drawbridge yesibini
Kubonwa kwibarbican
Counterweight
I-drawbridge yokuqala.
inqaba crossbow
Kwingxowa yomgubo wentolongo
Umbulali
Umgangatho we-2 wokugcina, kwicala lasentshona.
Ibarbican
Ukusuka kwiindonga ze Isibini isango
*IBarbican: ibhekisa kuso nasiphi na isakhiwo sangaphandle esiqhagamshelwe kwisakhiwo esiphambili.
*I-Assommoir: Ukuvula kwigumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba, phambi okanye emva kocango, ukuvumela ukuhlatywa (ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi) okanye ukugibisela amatye kubahlaseli. Kusekho i-stunners ezimbini kwi-Château de la Roche Goyon, eyokuqala ivaliwe emva kwe-drawbridge yesibini, eyesibini ingaphezulu komnyango wentolongo, kwindlela yokuhamba.
*I-Drawbridge: Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14, i-counterweight yathatha indawo ye-winch kwaye yavumela ukuhamba ngaphantsi komzuzu.
*Ii-Machicolations: igalari yamatye yangaphandle ehamba ecaleni kwendlela. Iinqaba zenziwe ngeecorbels ezinoqikelelo oluninzi (i-3 eRoche Goyon, edityaniswe kunye neelinteli okanye ii-arches ezithwala iparapet (iincam eRoche Goyon).
izixhobo zokungqinga
SiseLa Roche Goyon ngo- 1379 , uKumkani waseFransi angathanda ukuhlomela uBrittany . Inqaba inokuthatyathwa kuphela ngokungqingwa . Iqela elivalelwe nguDu Guesclin langqinga kufutshane nenqaba, ukuba babembalwa ngenani , abakhuseli babembalwa ngakumbi. Iindonga zethu eziphakamileyo ziyasikhusela. Sineengcali ezisikhuselayo: bangabatoli kunye nabanqamlezileyo .
Ukusuka phezulu kwindlela yokuhamba imvula yeentolo zikhukhula abatoli beKumkani yaseFransi ( uCharles V ) . Isaphetha sisixhobo sokuphosa esaqala kumaxesha amandulo. Nangona kunjalo, abatoli bethu baqeqeshwe kakhulu kwaye basebenza kakuhle kakhulu amadoda-ezixhobo . Abona buchule babo bulawula ngaphandle kobunzima bokufikelela kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo ekude kakhulu (i- 90-100 yeemitha ) kwaye batole iintolo ezili -12 ngomzuzu ... Banobuchule obaneleyo bokunqanda utshaba ukuba lungasondeli.
Abenzi bomnqamlezo ngabantu aboyikekileyo kwaye aboyikwayo. Umnqamlezo sisixhobo esibulalayo kangangokuba iCawa iye yazama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo . KwiBhunga laseLateran ( 1139 ), kwakungavunyelwanga phakathi kwemikhosi yamaKristu kodwa kuvunyelwe ngokuchasene nabangakholwayo… Siyisebenzisa kuba intsonkothile kakhulu. Ukuzoba i-arc , enye idlula unyawo lwasekunene kwi-stirrup kwaye enye ifaka intambo ye-arc kwi-hook exhonywe ngebhanti. Ukulungiswa kwezintso kuzisa intambo kwinotshi ye nut. Ukuba i- crossbowman idubula iibholithi ezimbini kuphela ngomzuzu , akafane ayiphose ithagethi yakhe. Uluhlu malunga neemitha ezingama -90. Njengesaphetha, umnqamlezo sisixhobo sokuphosa .
Ukuba utshaba oluxhotyiswe ngeeleli lufikelela kwinqanaba le-walkway, ii- polearms zethu zithatha indawo. Ayizizo iintolo okanye iibholiti ezinqamlezileyo eziya kuphumelela ukuthoba iileli. Iipolar zihlala zineegophe ezikuvumela ukuba uchole okanye uwise into .
Iipoli zizixhobo ezinomphini omde njengomkhonto . Ezi zixhobo zikwasetyenziselwa ukukhulula abakhweli bamahashe. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziifauchards ngenxa yokuba zikhangeleka ngathi zizikere .
I- mace yasivumela ukuba sikhubaze utshaba olwalufuna ukungena ngokungalindelekanga. Ukuwisa indoda yakhe akanakulingana.
Amazembe , iinkewu kunye namakrele zigqibezela izixhobo zethu. Xa utshaba lukhona asiluniki ikota. UJeanne de Dinan , uMninimzi omnene wenkosi ( uBertrand II Goyon , inkosi yaseMatignon), akazange anqikaze, ngokusebenzisa i-crenellations kunye neenqaba zeenqaba ze-chatelet yomnyango wesibini, ukuxuluba ngamatye abahlaseli abaye bangena kwimpazamo. itshone.
Umhadi yindawo yokugqibela yokuzimela . UNdikhoyo nendlu yakhe bakhuselekile .
Ifikeleleka nge- drawbridge ephakanyisiweyo . Izitepsi ezifikelela kuyo namhlanje zivela kuphela kwinkulungwane ye- 18 kodwa imikhondo ye-drawbridge isabonakala: ukucaciswa kwefaskoti kunye neendawo zokubeka ukuhlalisa iingalo zenxalenye ephakamayo.
Umnyango wenza i- mousetrap : i-portcullis encinci inqanda ukufikelela kwi-staircase kunye negumbi labatoli kumgangatho ophantsi; phezu kocango lwe- stunner luvulekile kwaye imvula yamatye kunye nezinto ezinzima ziwela kuye nabani na onesibindi sokuwela umgubasi.
Izinyuko ezijikelezayo (okanye ezijiyileyo) zijikela phezulu ukuya ngasekunene . Abahlaseli ababambe ikrele labo esandleni sabo sasekunene baya kuba buthathaka .
Enye i-staircase eludongeni inikezela ukufikelela ukusuka kumgangatho ophantsi ukuya kumgangatho wokuqala.
Kwigumbi le- seigniorial , intsapho kaSir Bertrand ikhuselwe kakhulu: ngaphantsi kwegumbi labatoli kunye nangaphezulu kwegumbi elihle kakhulu elinqabileyo apho abalindi abaphethe umlindo kunye nokukhusela .
Sidinwe kukulwa, siyanikezela. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba uBertrand Du Guesclin naye ungumhlobo : sasibambe ibhanile yakhe kwi- Battle of Cocherel ngokumelene noCharles the Bad kwaye sahamba naye eSpeyin kwiphulo lokuqala lokulwa noPierre le Cruel . Saphantse safa eSpeyin. Sade sabhala umyolelo wethu apho.
Ukumkani waseFransi uya kuhlutha inqaba engayi kubuyiselwa kumnini wayo kude kube yi- 1381 ngesivumelwano sesibini saseGuérande esiphelisa imfazwe yokulandelelana . Unyana kaBertrand II, uBertrand III , akayi kukhusela inqaba yakhe. Uya kuthabatha abo baseCaërmarthen kunye neCardigan eWales apho aya kufa khona esilwela u- Owen ap Griffith Fychan , iNkosi yaseGlunyfrdwy, exhaswa nguDuke wase-Orléans . Sihamba kakhulu ngelo xesha.
Ngenkulungwane ye- 14 , kwaqalisa ukuvela injini yemfazwe eyenza ingxolo eninzi kodwa ingekabi nasiphumo esihle, esingaphantsi kakhulu kunabo bethu abanqamlezayo: inkanunu . Asikasiboni esi sixhobo sokuphefumla umlilo , kodwa sivile ukuba soyikwa kakhulu ngabo basiphathayo...
Lo matshini ungxolayo uya kuba nekamva eliqaqambileyo. Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye- 15 , iya kuba nempumelelo ngakumbi . Iinqaba ezinqatyisiweyo aziyi kuba nenjongo: iinkanunu ziya kulawula ukubhoboza iindonga kunye nokudiliza iingcango . Ezinye iinqaba ziya kuthatha indawo. Elinye iphepha lembali liza kuvuleka.
I- feudal castle yaseLa Roche Goyon iya kuguqulwa ibe yinqaba yokukhusela elunxwemeni phantsi kukaLouis XIV .
Ngenkulungwane ye- 16 , yathatha igama likaLaste okanye iLatte (igama le-hamlet engummelwane) kwaye ngekhulu le- 17 , yaziwa ngegama esilaziyo namhlanje: Inqaba yaseLa Roche Goyon / Fort Latte.
Izinyuko ezijikelezayo
(umjikelo)
Izinyuko ezijikelezayo
(umjikelo)
