Castle of
La Roche Goyon
I-Fort La Latte
Itshe lesikhumbuzo eliyimfihlo
I-Bay of St Malo / Emerald Coast
Inqaba
Inqaba yaseLa Roche Goyon ebizwa nangokuthi i I-Fort Latte yakhiwa ngekhulu le- 14 .
Kungani ?
Umongo ukhathazekile, iMpi Yokulandelana kweBrittany iyadlondlobala ( 1341-1364 ). Ngaleso sikhathi, izinqaba ezinezivikelo eziqinile zalungiswa kabusha noma zakhiwa (Tonquédec, La Roche Goyon, njll.).
U- Étienne Goyon , iNkosi kaMatignon , umakhi wenqaba, wathola ku-suzerain yakhe (okokuqala uCharles de Blois , bese kuba uMbusi uJean de Montfort, uJean IV ) ukugunyazwa kokuqinisa kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa lokhu kuqina.
Inqaba enezivikelo eziqinile ilayishwe izimpawu, inemisebenzi eminingana:
umsebenzi wezempi : omunye uphephela khona, omunye uyawuvimbezela.
umsebenzi wokuhlala : inkosi ihlala lapho nomndeni wayo, ukwakhiwa kufakazela amandla e-seigniorial.
umsebenzi wezombangazwe : inqaba iyisihlalo samandla (obukhosi, i-ducal, i-seigniorial).
umsebenzi wezomnotho : iyisikhungo somsebenzi.
imihlobiso
Inqaba enezivikelo eziqinile iye yalungiswa kabusha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka kodwa izici zezakhiwo zekhulu le- 14 , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibonisa ukukhathazeka kokuhlobisa noma ukukhathazeka kokuzivikela , zisasebenza.
Inqaba kufanele ithobe ukunambitheka komakhi .I-arch ephukile yathi endaweni yesithathu yeminyango (ibhuloho lokudonsa lokuqala, ibhuloho lokudonsa lesibili, indawo yokungena emgodini).
Isithombe esibaziwe sinikeza: Imihlobiso ye- trefoil enalobe ezintathu noma eyenziwe ngesitayela emaphethelweni endlela yokulinda kanye namakhorobheli angama- triple projection asekela uphethi lwale ndlela yokuhamba efanayo.
Izimpawu zabavangeli eziqoshwe emakadini etilongweni zikhomba amaphuzu abalulekile , nazo ziyizimpawu zobuKristu . Ingelosi kaMathewu oNgcwele eNtshonalanga, INgonyama kaMarku oNgcwele eningizimu, Ukhozi lukaJohane oNgcwele eMpumalanga, Inkabi kaLuka oNgcwele eNyakatho.
Ingelosi nenkabi kulondolozwe ngokuphawulekayo.
Umnsalo onethayi
(indawo yokuqala ebiyelwe ohlangothini lwegceke, ikhulu le-14)
Igwababa
(Igumbi le-Seigniorial - ingxenye yangasese)
Machicolation
(Dungeon)
Ingelosi kaMathewu oNgcwele
ekhomba entshonalanga
Indawo yokuhlala
Igumbi elikhulu lesitezi sokuqala liyindawo yokuhlala yenkosi nezihlobo zayo . Yena ihlonyiselwe ukuphila kwansuku zonke kanye nenduduzo (ngaleso sikhathi) yabakhileyo kuyo:
Izindlu zangasese (izindawo zokukhululeka) ebugqileni bodonga lwaleli gumbi le-seignorial.
Ukuze uthole ukunethezeka , iwindi elikhulu libhotshozwe eningizimu kuleli gumbi elinamacushion ohlangothini ngalunye lomnyango.
Ama- Coussièges amabhentshi amatshe amiswe kuma-embrasures wamafasitela ngeNkathi Ephakathi kanye nangenkathi yeRenaissance.
Ukuze ufudumale, indawo yomlilo enkulu enezithombe eziqoshiwe (isisekelo se-polygonal namakholomu amancane) ezihlobisa ohlangothini ngalunye ziyisici sekhulu le- 14 .
Isonto , elinikezelwe kuSaint Michael (usanta wamadoda-at-arms), lasungulwa ngo- 1420 futhi likhonzwa umfundisi ovela e-Abbey yaseSaint Aubin des Bois. Le abbey yaseCistercian yayisehlathini laseHunaudaye, ePlédéliac. AbakwaGoyon babengabanikeli ababalulekile . Indawo yaleli sonto lokuqala ayaziwa. Ukuvinjezelwa kuka-1597 phakathi neMpi YeNhlangano kwadala umonakalo omkhulu enqabeni enezivikelo eziqinile futhi ukuguqulwa kwayo ekubeni inqaba yokuvikela ugu phakathi kuka- 1690 no- 1715 kube nesandla ekubukekeni esikwaziyo namuhla.
Isonto lamanje lekhulu le -18 langcoliswa phakathi nempi yokugcina futhi ifenisha yalo yashiswa . I -altare yamanje iyinhlanganisela yezinto ezivela ekhulwini le- 18 (amakholomu asontekile) nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le- 19 (izingxenye ezisekela amakholomu).
I-altare lisuka ekhulwini le- 19 . Yabuyiselwa ekukhulekeleni ngo- 1959 .
Igumbi ngobukhazikhazi
(umgodi)
Ushimula
(Isitezi sokuqala somgodi)
Igumbi ngobukhazikhazi
(I-Coussiège yendawo yokuhlala ye-seigneurial - ingxenye yangasese)
Ifenisha
Igumbi le-Seigniorial - ijele
Ingaphakathi lendlu yesonto yamanje
I-altare
Ingilazi enemibala
Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwendlu yesonto
Ushimula
(Isitezi sokuqala somgodi)
Indlu yangasese enelambu
(Isitezi sokuqala somgodi)
Ifenisha
Igumbi le-Seigniorial - ijele
I-vault yangaphakathi
Ingaphakathi le-ogive vault emgodini
INGCWELE
uSaint Margaret
Ukuzivikela
Abahlaseli behlala bebaningi kunabavinjezelwe , inqaba enezivikelo eziqinile kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokuvinjezelwa nokuhlaselwa . Ukuzivikela kwemvelo kufunwa kakhulu (amaford, amabhuloho, ama-promontories) I-La Roche Goyon inazo zonke izakhi zokuzivikela:
ilandela ukuma kwenhlonhlo lapho eyakhiwe khona,
igceke lokuqala (i- barbican *) ngaphambi kokufinyelela engxenyeni eyinhloko yenqaba,
amasango avikelwe ikakhulukazi i- drawbridge , i- portcullis futhi ngemuva kwalokhu okumangalisa *. I- drawbridge * inesisindo esiphikisayo esivumela ukuhamba ngokushesha,
ngemuva kwebhuloho, i-portcullis ivala indlela,
imicibisholo (noma izintuba ), zenzelwe ukucibishela imicibisholo noma ukudubula umnsalo,
izingxenye eziphakeme (izindlela zokuhamba noma ngaphezulu kwemibhoshongo ) lapho abavikeli bangadubula labo abebengawela izithiyo ezedlule,
ngokusebenzisa ama- machicolations * egcina nemibhoshongo, kuphonswa amatshe kuyo noma kuphonswe iminsalo neminsalo .
Isondo lokugaya impuphu emnyama
Indawo ephansi yokugcina.
Ihhashi
Ebhulohweni lesibili lokudonsa.
Ibhuloho lesibili lokudonsa
Kubonwa ku-barbican
I-Counterweight
I-drawbridge yokuqala.
umbhoshongo we-crossbow
Emgqonyeni wempushana wasemgodini
Umbulali
Isitezi sesi-2 se-keep, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga.
I-barbican
Kusuka ezindongeni ze okwesibili isango
*I-Barbican: ibhekisela kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo sangaphandle esixhunywe esakhiweni esikhulu.
*I-Assommoir: ukuvula egumbini elingaphansi, ngaphambi noma ngemuva komnyango, ukuvumela ukugwazwa (kusuka phezulu kuye phansi) noma ukujikijela abahlaseli ngamatshe. Kusenezimanga ezimbili eChâteau de la Roche Goyon, eyokuqala evinjwe ngemuva kwebhuloho lesibili lokudonsa, elesibili ngaphezu komnyango womgodi, endleleni yokuhamba.
*I-Drawbridge: Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-14, i-counterweight yashintsha iwintshi futhi yavumela ukuhamba ngaphansi komzuzu.
*Machicolations: igalari yamatshe yangaphandle egijima endleleni yokuhamba. Izinqaba zakhiwe ngamakhorali anezilinganiso ezimbalwa (ezi-3 e-Roche Goyon, ezixhunywe ndawonye ngamakhothamo noma amakhothamo athwala uhlaka (imigqa e-Roche Goyon).
vimba izikhali
SiseLa Roche Goyon ngo- 1379 , iNkosi yaseFrance ingathanda ukuhlanganisa uBrittany . Inqaba ingathathwa kuphela ngokuvinjezelwa . Iqembu elivinjwe uDu Guesclin lavimbezela eduze kwenqaba, uma babembalwa ngenani , abadlali basemuva babembalwa nakakhulu. Izindonga zethu eziphakeme ziyasivikela. Sinochwepheshe abasivikelayo: bangabacibisheli nabaphambanayo .
Kusukela phezulu kwemigwaqo yokuhamba izimvula zemicibisholo zikhukhula abacibishelayo beNkosi yaseFrance ( Charles V ) . Umnsalo yisikhali sokujikijela esaqala kudala. Kodwa-ke, abacibisheli bethu baqeqeshwe kakhulu futhi basebenza kahle kakhulu . Abahlakaniphe kunabo bonke bayakwazi ukufinyelela lapho okuqondiwe khona ( amamitha angu-90-100 ) futhi bacibishele imicibisholo eyi-12 ngomzuzu ... Banekhono elanele lokuvimba isitha ukuthi singasondeli.
Ama- Crossbowmen angabantu abesabekayo futhi abesabayo. Umcibisholo uyisikhali esiyingozi kangangokuthi iBandla selizame ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo . EMkhandlwini waseLateran ( 1139 ), wawungavunyelwe phakathi kwamabutho angamaKristu kodwa wawuvunyelwe kwabangakholwa… Siwusebenzisa ngoba uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze udwebe i-arc , umuntu udlula unyawo lwesokudla ku-stirrup futhi omunye ufaka intambo ye-arc kuhuku elenga ngebhande. Ukuqondisa izinso kuletha intambo endaweni ye-nati. Uma u- crossbowman edubula amabhawodi amabili kuphela ngomzuzu , akavamile ukugeja ithagethi yakhe. Ububanzi bungamamitha angama-90 . Njengomnsalo, umnsalo uyisikhali sokujikijela .
Uma isitha esihlome ngezitebhisi sifika ezingeni lendlela yokuhamba, ama- polearms ethu athatha izintambo. Akuyona imicibisholo noma amabhawodi azophumelela ukwehlisa izitebhisi. Ama-poliam avame ukuba namajika akuvumela ukuthi ucoshe noma uwise into .
Amapholi yizikhali ezinomphini omude njengomkhonto . Lezi zikhali zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukwehlisa abagibeli bamahhashi. Abizwa nangokuthi ama -fauchards ngoba abukeka njengamasikela .
I- mace yasivumela ukuba sikhubaze isitha esasifuna ukungena singalindele. Ukukhipha indoda yakhe akekho olingana naye.
Izimbazo , imimese nezinkemba ziqedela izikhali zethu. Uma isitha sikhona asimniki ikota. UJeanne de Dinan , i-Lady of the Lord ( uBertrand II Goyon , inkosi yaseMatignon), akazange anqikaze, ngokusebenzisa i-crenellations kanye nezimpi zemibhoshongo ye-chatelet yomnyango wesibili, ukukhanda ngamatshe abahlaseli abangena ephutheni. lishonile.
Umgodi uyisiphephelo sokugcina . Inkosi nomndeni wayo baphephile lapho.
Ifinyelelwa ngebhuloho eliphakanyisiwe . Isitebhisi esifinyelela kuso namuhla sisuka ekhulwini le- 18 kuphela kodwa imikhondo yebhuloho lokudonsa isabonakala: ukucaciswa kwephinifa kanye nezikhala zokubeka izingalo zengxenye ephakamayo.
Umnyango wakha i- mousetrap : i-portcullis encane ivimbela ukufinyelela ezitebhisini kanye negumbi labacibisheli eliphansi; ngaphezu komnyango womgibe we- stunner uvuleke kakhulu futhi imvula yamatshe nezinto ezinzima iwela kunoma ngubani onesibindi sokuwela umbundu.
Izitebhisi ezi- spiral (noma ezi-spiral) zihambela phezulu kwesokudla . Abahlaseli abaphethe inkemba yabo esandleni sokudla bayoba buthakathaka .
Esinye isitebhisi odongeni sinikeza ukufinyelela kusuka phansi kuya esitezi sokuqala.
Ekamelweni le- seigniorial , umndeni ka-Sir Bertrand uvikelekile kakhulu: ngaphansi kwegumbi labacibisheli nangaphezulu kwekamelo elihle kakhulu elivinjiwe lapho onogada abaphethe iwashi kanye nokuvikela kukhona.
Sikhathele ukulwa, siyazinikela. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi uBertrand Du Guesclin naye ungumngane : sibambe isibhengezo sakhe e- Battle of Cocherel ngokumelene noCharles the Bad futhi samphelezela ukuya eSpain emkhankasweni wokuqala ngokumelene no- Pierre le Cruel . Sacishe safela eSpain. Saze sabhala incwadi yethu yefa lapho.
Inkosi yaseFrance izothatha inqaba engeke ibuyiselwe kumnikazi wayo kuze kube ngu- 1381 ngeSivumelwano sesibili saseGuérande esiqeda impi yokulandelana . Indodana kaBertrand II, uBertrand III , ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ivikele inqaba yayo. Uzohamba athathe ezaseCaërmarthen naseCardigan eWales lapho ezofela khona elwela u- Owen ap Griffith Fychan , iNkosi yaseGlunyfrdwy, esekelwa uMbusi wase-Orléans . Sihamba kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngekhulu le- 14 , kwaqala ukuvela injini yempi eyenza umsindo omkhulu kodwa eyayingakabi nomthelela omkhulu, ingaphansi kakhulu kunabaphambano bethu: inganono . Asikawuboni lo mshini ophefumula umlilo , kodwa sizwile ukuthi wesatshwa kakhulu yilabo abawuphathayo...
Lo mshini onomsindo uzoba nekusasa eliqhakazile. Kusukela ekhulwini le - 15 , izosebenza kahle kakhulu . Izinqaba eziqinisiwe ngeke zisaba nesizathu sokuba khona: izibhamu zizokwazi ukubhoboza izindonga nokudiliza iminyango . Ezinye izinqaba zizothatha izintambo. Elinye ikhasi lomlando lizovuleka.
Ngakho-ke, i- feudal castle yaseLa Roche Goyon izoguqulwa ibe yinqaba yokuvikela ogwini ngaphansi kukaLouis XIV .
Ngekhulu le- 16 , kwathatha igama likaLaste noma Latte (igama le-hamlet engumakhelwane) futhi ngekhulu le- 17 , yaziwa ngegama esilaziyo namuhla: Inqaba yaseLa Roche Goyon / Fort Latte.
I-Spiral staircase
(i-spiral)
I-Spiral staircase
(i-spiral)
